I-Nylon Fabric: Isitsha Sokubhakala Okuphathelene Nezindlela Zokusebenza

Umbuthi wenyolonzi ubheka umsebenzi wokuthutha kwemfundo yezempahla ngokuthi kusungulwa kwakhiwa kwi-1930s, waba yimpendulo engaluthuli kumsebenzi wamanje kumapulofu nezisebenziswayo. Leli polimetha elwakhiwa yindlela yenkimbiso, inkimbiso, nendalo engahambelaniyo eyakhiwa kumpendulo ethandwayo kumakhimi kumasektor ethile. Kusukela kumapulofu ohhayi kumaqondo amandla kumasebenziswayo, umbuthi wenyolonzi ubheka ukusetha izikhali zokuphatha nokusebenza. Ukuziqonda izimo ezihlukile nezisebenzayo zeli phakethe elihleli kumangalisayo kudingeka kubo bonke abasebenzisayo kumkhiqizo, ukwakha, noma ukuthutha kwemfundo.

Ukuziqonda Isayensi Emyakini Kumbuthi wenyolonzi

Umbhalo wokugcina kanye nombhalo wokudala

Umbuthano wemolekyuli wekhanda ye-nylon unemigqa emide yezinhlelo zepolyamide, ezivala izixwayiso ezizimelezelayo phakathi kwezimoloji ngokusekelwa ku-hydrogen. Lezi zixwayiso zazinzuzisa kakhulu ekukhuleni kwesilinganiso sesiphumo nasekuqiniseni kwekanda. Imigqa yezinhlelo ivikelwe ngendlela ethunyelweyo eyenzela ukuthi ikhanda le-nylon libe nenxenye yokuthula nenqubekela, lokhu kwenza kube lungele izisebenzo ezingadinga ukuphazanyiswa nokuhamba okuphindaphindiwe.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zekhanda ye-nylon esuka kuzidingo lwazo lwegcobo, nge-Nylon 6 ne-Nylon 66 njengamanye amakhulu kulezinhlobo ezabelana ngokusebenza kwamathontela. Inhlobo ngayinye inikeza izindlela ezilungile ngokweqhubeka kwebhola, ukuqina kwegcobo, nokuchazwa kwezindlela zokuprosesa. Umbuthano onconywayo wemolekyuli wenze ukuthi ikhanda le-nylon libe nelungelo lokuba libe yisimo sakho ngokwesimo ngamunye, kusukela kusimo sibomvu kuya kusimo segcobo.

Umkhathaliso wokubhala nokukholiswa kweqhutywa

Ukwenza kwebhobho lenhayi enobukhona obuphezulu kufaka phakathi umsebenzi ophelele wokuxhunywa kwemipumo apho imonomaya ixhunywe ngendlela yekhemikhali ngezindlela ezilungileyo zentemperechura nezinga eliphindwe. Lokhu kufuna ukulandela ngqo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubude bethuba nemilinganiso yemitholwane, okubangelwa ngqo amaphropathi wesibhobho esiphelile. Izikhungo zesivumelwano esihle sezifundisa izinyathelo eziphathelene nokukhokhela ububi nguye yonke indlela yokwakha.

Ukwenza kwamanje kwebhobho lenhayi kufaka imithwalo embasha eyenziwa ngayo imithwalo ekuyinhloso yokuhlanjulula nokukhokelela kwegesi. Umsebenzi wokuthembeka kwenza izigaba eziqukethe ezinokuthintwa futhi kuze kube yizimo ezahlukene zebhobho, kusukela kuzimvunulo ezilula kuya kumzobo ophakeme wezimali. Izinkampani zokukhokhela ububi zilandela izici ezifana nowobusha, izici zobude, nebumbeko lokulinganisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ngalinye ihhafu libe nelikhiwo lezidingo.

Amanzane kwezilungiselelo

Ubuhlungu nezici zobukhosi

Inye indlela ebalulekile yokuba ngu-nylon yisilinganiso esikhulu kakhulu phakathi kwezintengo kanye nendiza, esingaba khona kakhulu kungezinhlayiya ezenziwa ngendalo. Lokhu kwenza kube lula kakhulu ekusebenzisweni lapho kudingeka ukunciphisa ubunzima ngaphandle kokulahleka kwezintengo. Isici sikhombisa ukukhathazeka kakhulu kwekhuba, ukugayaya, nokugayaya, kuyakwazi ukusebenza kakhulu kwezimali kanye nezimodi eziphilosithe kakhulu.

Ukuziphatha kwezinhlayiya ezenziwa ngaphakathi kwenza kube lula ukuthutha iziphazamo nezibophelelo ngaphandle kokulahleka kwezinhlayiya noma ukugaywa kwazo. Lokhu kwenza kube lula kakhulu ekusebenzisweni okuthutha izimo zokulahleka noma izimo ezinezimodi eziningi. Inhlayiya ithathe isimo esifanayo phakathi kwezimo ezahlukene zokusebenza, ihlinzeka ukusebenza kahle ngokudla kwezinsuku eziningi.

Ukuphinda Ukusasema nokuhlabelela

Umfazi wesenkane ubonisa ukumelana okukhulu kuzinkinga, i-oils, namasolvents ayisisekelo endaweni yasebhakabhakeni. Lokhu kukhululeka kusebenziswa emaphethelweni eqinile ekuphileni kwizinto ezibuthakatha kungaba yinkinga. Isilinganiso esincane sokuthembeka kwezinto kumnciphisa ukugcinwa kwebuthakathaka futhi kunciphisa ukucophelela nokuphila.

Izinkinga zezinkokheli njenge-humidity, izinguquko zemipunga, ne-UV zinemfihlo encane kakhulu ekuphileni kude kwe-mfabrikhi wesenkane ebekhethekile. Izinguquko eziphucwayo ze-UV zingakwenzela ukuthuthuka kwezinkinga zokumelana nokuhlakalala kwezilwane, kanti futhi kanciphise isikhathi sakho sendawo yokusebenza kumazinyo. Ukumelana kwe-fabric kwezinkinga zokuhlakalala kwezilwane kumakha akhona ukusebenziswa kumazinyo amahasha.

Ukusetshenziswa Okuhlukahlukene Ezimbonini Ezihlukahlukene

Umphakathi wemaphethelwana nesithombe

Ummandla wamapheshene wamukelwa umlamlilo we-nylon ngokuba kuyisisekelo esinamandla nokusebenza kwalo kuze kube yinto ebalulekileyo ekuphileni noma emapheshenini amathutha. Abakhi belwandle baphila kakhulu kumsebenzi wokusula mazibuko kanye nokugcina isimo phakathi kwezinkinga. Umlando omuhle wemlamlilo kanye nokusebenza kakhulu kumaphepha onke, ukusuka kumaphepha ohlangothini kuya kumaphepha ofakwa.

Abadesayina bepeshene enobuchwepheshe bafundisa ifomu lesinyoni ngokuthi kungathatha izenzekelo zonke zokugcina nezinkunkuma, ekunika amapheshene amandla okudala. Ukubaluleka kwemlamlilo ngokudibaniswa kunika amandla okudala amapheshene athile aphindaphindwa aphindaphindwa abangaphakathi kwe-nylon kanye nezempilo kanye nezobuchwepheshe bezintliziyo zabantu. Izinto ezintsha zezimali zamapheshene zange zidonsela imithombo yokuhlala kwe-nylon futhi zikhiphe izenzekelo ezithile.

Izisekelo nezinhlobo zokusebenza

Ukusetshenziswa kwebhuluki yenhayi kumidini yasezindustri kuyiphakathi izikhala eziningi, kufana nezimali, i-aerospace, namakhemikhali. Ubuchwepheshe bewayi kumthelelo wamandla nokutholakala kwamakhemikhali kuyikhethekile ukusebenziswa kumathuba okulahla, amabhande athutha, namathili akukhethiwe. Amaphropathi awawo ekugcineni umthwalo wamanzi naye ayithandekile ukusebenziswa kumakhemikhali nemisebenzi yezixeko zokwenza izinto.

Izibhakabhaka ezinezinto eziphathelene nebhuluki yenhayi zisetshenziswa emsebenzini wamaduli, kumqobo wamanzi, namakhemikhali wokudala. Inkinga yebhuluki yokuthatha iqiniso phakathi kweminyaka engcono iyenzela ukuthi ibe yinto ethandwa emsebenzini wase-aerospace lapho ubumnandi bukhona ngaphezu kwayonke. Izibhakabhaka ezinzima ezintsha zihlala zisebenzisa ibhuluki yenhayi njengento eyongeza ubunzima ngoba yaneliswa kakhulu kumathili amaningi.

Amancane Ekwenzeni Nezivikelo

Ukunciphisa imali futhi ukusebenza ngokuhambisan

Ukwenza izikhathi ngezikhathi zonke kunezimali ezikhulu ngoba kwenziwa ngokwesivumelwano nokulinganisa kwezobuchwepheshe. Isivumelwano sesithakazini kusiza ekuphileni ngokushesha kakhulu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa, kanti kunciphisa izikhathi zokwakha nezimali ezoshelwa. Ukubaluleka kwayo ekuthandazeni izindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwakha kusiza ekuthandazeni izinqumo ezifana nezokwakha.

Ubunzima bezikhathi bongeza ukuncipha kwezimali zokulungisa nokubuyisa kubasebenzisi, kanti kube yindlela eqondisayo yokuthenga izinto ezidinga ukusebenza ngokudala. Ukukhathazeka kwayo ngokulahlekelwa nokulahlekelwa kwezimali kunciphisa izikhathi zokulahlekelwa kanti kunciphisa izikhathi zokulungiswa, kanti kunciphisa izindlela zokusebenza. Ukubuyiselwa kwayo kunciphisa futhi izindlela zokwakha ezenzakalelayo.

Ubunzima Bekhono Nezidinganiso

Ukwenza kwesikhathi esisha kwegobo lenhayilone kumela ukuguquka kakhulu ukulungiselela izidingo ezithile zokusebenzisa. Iziparamitha ezifana nokukhishwa kwegobo, uhlelo lwesibindi, nezilingo zehhele zingaguqukelwa ukulungisezela izinto ezithile zokusebenza. Lokhu kumela izakhamuzi ukuthi zidale izisombululo ezithile ezihlobene nezidingo eziyingqayizivele ngaphandle kokulahleka kwezinto ezibalulekile zegobo lenhayilone.

Inkinobeko yokufaka izonge nezilingo zokusebenza ngexesha lokwenza kumela ukuthi kusebenziseke kakhulu igobo lenhayilone. Izilingo zokulima izilwane, izokulima izindlebe, nezokulima amanzi zingafakwa ukulungisezela izinto ezithile zokusebenza. Izenzo ezininzi zokwenza kumela futhi ukuthi kwenyiswe izinxenye ezilandelanayo ezibangela izihlobo ezahlukeneyo zegobo lenhayilone ukulungisezela ukusebenza kwazo.

Amadoda Ake Ofanele Nezibonakaliso Zokuchaza

Ukuchazwa Kwesimo Nezibonakaliso

Ukugcina ubumbeleko kwenhlanzi yenylo kufaka ukulandela imikhuba engcono yomthombo nokutholakala kwemikhuba. Imikhuba yasendleleni njenge-ISO ne-ASTM ibeke amandla okucinga nokubala izinto zomkhiqizo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kubalulekile phakathi kwezinsizwa zomkhiqizo nezisebenzayo. Le miqhuba ifaka izinto ezifana nokusebenza kwezinto kuya kuhlaziywa kwezimali.

Ukulandela imigomo yomthombo ikhethekile kuzidingo kwezisebenzo ezifana nomthombo, i-aerospace, nezibhakhi zomdlalo. Imchamo yokuthola imikhuba ifaka ukucinga kabanzi kwezinto zomkhiqizo, kufaka ukukhula kwezinto, ukungcoliswa kwegazi, nokutholakala kwezinkinga. Ukucinga okuqhubekayo nokucinga kwegama kunezinye izigaba kugcina ukulandela imikhuba etholakalayo.

Ukuhlola Kuphansi Kwezikhathi Kuye Nokuqinisekisa

Imithetho embijini yokuphawula iqiniso leziciqatha ze-nylon ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlaziywa kakhulu. Izivivinyo zokuphazamisa kuhlola ukudura kanye nokuthuthuka kwezulu, ngelokho izivivinyo zomkondo kuhlola amandla, ukuziphatha kanye nokukhathazeka. Izivivinyo zezimo kubonisa iziciqatha kumazimo aphelele ukuqinisekisa iqiniso leziciqatha.

Izikhungo ezide embonakalayo zisebenzisa izixhobo ezide ukulinganisa izici ezifana nokulahleka kwesithuthi, ukukhathazeka kwezinhlelo kanye nokuphumelela. Ukuvikela iqiniso lezimo ngokuvivinywa kumhla kunciphisa ukuthemba okuphakade kweziciqatha kumasebenzi ahlukeneyo. Ukunqamula kwezivivinyo ngokulandelana kunciphisa ukuphathwa kweziciqatha kanye nokuthembekileyo.

Izibonakaliso Zokulandela kanye Nezimali

Izibuko Zokwenza Okuphathelene Nokuphila

Indlela emangalisayo yokwakha kwezibhamu zenayiloni zihlala ihlinzeka kusiphiwo nokulawula ngokomoya. Kutholakala izinhlelo ezihlangene nezinto eziphumelelayo ezitholakala kakhulu ukuze kugcinwe ubute uzinzileyo kwizindlela zezimali. Lezi zinhlelo zihlala ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kwe-nayilon ethile kodwa zinikeza imbono enhle kakhulu yomoya.

Izinkundla zokuphosela kwezibhamu zenayiloni zihlanza phambili, zenzela ukutholwa futhi ukuprosesa kabusha izindlela zokudla kanye nempilo yezimali. Izinhlelo zokwakha ezivalelwe kakhulu zikhipha ukungena kwemida kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemali, zenza okukodwa kwi-economy ecwalise ekhululekile. Izindlela ezinezimali ezifanelekileyo zikhipha futhi impilo yomoya yokwakha kwebhamu yenayiloni.

Amaphropathi Amahle Angcono

Izixhobo eziyahlelwa kuyizinto ezingcono zokwenza izibhamu ze-nylon ngezici ezinconywayo ngaphandle kwezici zokusebenza njengoko kufundwa kule ndawo. Izibhamu ezinezixhobo ezineempawu, iisensha, nezinto ezithintela ziyakhula imisebenzi ekusetyenziswa kwazo kwiyo-yethi kanye neendini zokugcina ubomi. Le zixhobo ziya kubandakanya izici ezimangalisayo ze-nylon ngenxa yokunika amandla apheleleyo.

Kuchazwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-nanotechnology kuyasebenzisa ukuzisa izici zeefesile zezibhamu ze-nylon, kuxhomekeke kumisebenzi yokucoca ngokwakhe, ukwandisa izici zokungahambi kuka, nokwandisa izici zokudibanisa. Le zixhobo ziya kuyakhula imisebenzi ephathelene nohlangothi oluthile, ukuhlanjulula kakhulu nokuphila kwegazi. Ukukhangela kuyaphinde kuyiqaleka emva kwezixhobo ezifana nezinto zendalo ezingcono ezingasiza kakhulu kwiindlela ezinhle zezinto ze-nylon.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yintoni eyenzela ukuba izibhamu ze-nylon zibe yinyaniso kunye nezinye izibhamu ezinzima?

Umfazi wendalo ubonele kombala okukhanya okuphezulu, ukuzimama, nokukhathazeka kwezinkinga okusohlwaya kumazinyo endalo. Umbala wakhe ophezulu wobukhulu kumzimba, njengoba nokukhathazeka kakhulu kwezinkinga nokuthuthwa kwezinto, kwenza ukuthi kube yisikhathi esifanelekileyo lapho ezinye izinto zingasekupheleni. Ukuzimama kwayo ekunqumeni nokutholakala kwayo nokuthi kuthunyelwe ngendlela eyahlukene kakhulu kwenza ukuthi kube yisilinganiso esihle kunazo ezinye izinto njenge-polyester noma polypropylene.

Kunjani ukuthi ukubuthwa kwezinkokhelo kuthinta imfazo yenhliziyo?

Umbuthi wenylo ongcono ungakhethiwe kakhulu ekukhathazekeni kwezimo zomoya kufakwa kuzindlela zokuguqulwa kwesimo, ubuchwepheshe, nokuthintana kwe-UV. Nakuba ukuthintana kwe-UV ngokudala kungathintela izinto ezingavunyelwanga, izinyathelo ezisemthethweni zokuthintana kwe-UV zakhuthaza ubude bezinkathi ekusebenzeni kumasebenziso olwandle. Ukungabi kwezimali kanye nokungahli kwezinkinga kwenylo kusiza ekugcineni izimo zokusebenza kuzinye izimo zomoya, kusenza ibe yisiko ngaphakathi nangaphandle.

Iziphumela zokulawula ubomi ziziphi ezihlinzeka ukuthinta kwezimali zenylo

Ukukhokha kwalokhu kwenziwa ngokweqemu le-nylon kufaka phakathi ukuchazwa okuphelele emva kwizikhathi eziningi zokwakhiwa, kubandakanya ukhlola izinto eziphucayi, ukubeka isimo somthwalo, nokuchazwa kwezinto zakhiwe. Izinhlobo zochazwa okutholakala ziphawula iziphungo zomthwalo, ukumelana nokugaya, nokuthulwa kwebanga lokulinganisa ukuze kuhlinzeke ngezici. Iziseko zokwakha ezihleliwe zisebenzisa izindlela zokukhokha umthwalo ngezibonelo kanye nezinhlelo zokubeka isimo esinamandla ukuze zilindele indlela yokukhokha yonke into etholakala.

Kunjani abakhokhi bangayidlula inkinga yokukhetha i-nylon fabric ngokusheshayo ekusebenzisweni kokuthile

Ukunciphisa ukukhetha webo lenhayi kufanele kube nemibuzo yokusebenzisa kufaka phakathi izivivinyo zomsebenzi, imoto yezimo, neziphi ezifanele ukusebenza. Kumele abakhi webo bahlazne izinto ezifana nokukhazimela kwebhodhi, izici zokugcwalisa, ukukhathazeka kwezinkimbinkimbi, nokstabiliti kwalapha uma bekukhetha izinhlayiya ezifanele zenhayi. Ukuxhumana nabalingeli bezinto kanye nokwenza ukulungiswa okufakiwe kumsebenzi kungasiza ekubekeni phakathi ukusebenza kahle kanye nokhazimela izindleko ngalunye lwemibuzo yomsebenziso.