Iqhesha Elishiyayo: Indalo Yobomi Kunye NeBheshini Ebizwa Ngayo

Ekuhlengeni kwezenjini ephuthelana ngokushesha kuleli xesha, ubuhlekelelako nomboniso kuyayingqondweni ephambili emaphakathini amaningi. Ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe zocloth ethubelayo kuyindiza yamandla ekuphileni kumfanekiso wokuphepha kwangempela nokusetshenziswa kwebonakalisi. Lesi sisiko esishintsha sizokwelapha izinto ezintsha zezobuchwepheshe nendlela yokusebenza, ekunikeza amandla aphezulu kakhulu we-retroreflection nempilo engaphezu kwebizo lezogunya zokuphepha ezithile.

Amathuba amandulo ayifuna izimboni ezingcono kakhulu ukuthi zihlale zisebenze kahle emehlweni ethintekayo kodwa futhi zilindele imithetho engcono yokhuseleko. Ukuthuthuka kwamathulwa akhazimulidwe okubuyisa umshunqo akhaza kanjalo kuguqula indlela esebenzayo ekukhuseleni kwindawo yesiseko, imigomo yendlela yokuphendula ngokushesha, nezinqumo zokhuselelo kwasemaphakadeni. Lezi zimboni ezinhle zafaka izibini ezincane zeglasu noma izinhlelo eziphambili eziphambela umshunqo emva kwisikhwama sakho, ukwakha ubonakaliso obuhle kumthwali oluncane.

Ukufakwa kwamathulwa abuyisayo emapaleni asetshenziswa njalo kanye kuzindlela ezithile kubonweke njengoba kusobala ukuthi kunciphisa izimoto epholile kwindawo yesiseko nokuthuthukisa iziphumo zokhuselelo. Kusukela kuqashelwini kuya kusizothuli, ukusetshenziswa kwehlakaniphiyo kumathulwa abuyisayo angcono kutholakele njengenyongo engeyiyo yesiqephu esigcwele sokhuselelo kuzo zonke izithuthi zezimali.

Ingeni Yomlando Eguqukayo Emathulwini Okhuseleko

Umbungo Wokubuyela Kwesikhathi Esidingiwe

Umbono owaziwe ngokugcwele wendalo yamandla okubuyisa izulu ephathelene namandla okubuyisa izulu ngokushesha, okwenzela ukuthi indalo ibuyise izulu ngqo emva kumthombo walo ngaphansi kokudonsa. Lokhu kufezekwa ngamatikili amancane akhazimula okanye izibhamu zokubuyisa izulu ezifakwe kwindalo yesidlo. Amakhanda amancane akhazimula, okwenzeka kumelela phakathi kuka-50 kuze kube ngu-100 microns ngobude bomgca, ayisakazwa ngendlela eyayiqhathanisa ukubuyisa kwangempela kuzindlela ezahlukene.

Imithetho yokwakha kwebhodlela enobuchopho obuphakeme ihlanganisa ukusebenzisa ngqo lezi zinto ezibuyisayo ema-ebhodleleni ebuthathakaleni. Kufanele isixhobo sokudibanisa sikhusele indawo yezinto eziphinde ziphinde zibuyekeza ubukhanya, njengoko sikhusele ubunjingiqili nokuthwashelwa kwesimenyelo ekugcineni. Iziphatha ezininzi zokubayisa zinika abasebenzisi inkinga yokufumana imfihlo epheleleyo yokubuyisela ubukhanya, ngelishwa nokulinda okuphumelelayo nesimanje sezindlu.

Ukusebenza kwezibonakude kwebhodlela enobuchopho manje kancipha kangaka kwezinye izinhloso zangaphambilini. Izinhloso ezisemva zifinyelela i-coefficients zokubuyisela ubukhanya ezingaphezu kuka-500 candelas per lux per square meter, zinikeza umkhawulo wobukhanya oyingaphezu kuka-500 imitha ngaphansi kwezibhamu zomshini. Lokhu kukhula kusebenza kwenzeke ngqo ukunconywa okuningi kowesimanje kowezezimali nezomphathi zomphakathi ezenzekelayo emazenzeleni amahhala.

Ukumangalisa Kanti Ngeempawu Zokusebenza

Izisebenzo zokwenzenjalo kudinga izibhamu ephindezelayo ezifakazela izici zazo ze-optical ngokugcwele kwiindlela ezide zokusebenza nezimo eziphuthumayo. Izigaba esemthethweni sezigaba zokujikeleza zokujikeleza ziquka iminyaka eyizikhulu yokusetyenziswa, ukuhl washwa, nokuthintana ngezinkinga zonke namaqondo. Ubunzima basekhanda bokwesibhamu buquka i-polyester enobukhulu obuphezulu noma i-cotton-polyester blends engenazo ubungciniso obuhle be-dimensions nobulahleli bokutshisa.

Ukulinganisa kwizimo kuyisahluko esibalulekile sokusebenza kwezibhamu ephindezelayo. Izinhlelo ezihleliwe zilindile ukuthutha kwi-radiation ye-ultraviolet, izimo ezihlukene, nokuthintana nomlilo ngaphandle kokushishwa kwe-retroreflective efficiency. Izixhobo zokubeka izigaba ezisetyenziswa kwiiprodyusi ezihle zezibhamu ephindezelayo zinika amava ekulungiseleleni ukungena kwezinkinga ne-abrasion yomsebenzi okungathinti izici ze-optics.

Izidingo zokuphatha izipholile ephathelene kakhulu ezinobuthuleli bempilo kubangelwa ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokwakha nokukhetha imithwalo. Izinhlahla ezintsha zingaqhubeka ngeminyaka engaphezu kuka-80% yezici zabo ze-retroreflective emva kokuhwashela komercantile kangakanani. Lokhu kungcola ikhanda elikhulu ekhokhisweni kwesilinganiso nasekuqiniseni kwezigaba esebenzisa lezi zimpendulo ezintsha.

Imisebenzi YaseMandla Nezigaba Zokuphepha

Ukusebenzisa Kukhona Kwezimali

Ukusebenzisa isuka esibheqayo emthethweni wokhuseleko kwindawo yomsebenzi saphinde saphakade ngaphezu kwekuqinisekisa ukubonakala ukuze kuqukethe izinqumo ezihlelekileyo zokuphatha ingcindezi. Iindustri zokwakha zisebenzisa izigunyathelo eziphumelelayo eziqukethe izimboni ezihle ezibheqayo ukuqinisekisa ukubonakala kwabasebenzi ekuseni, emuva, kunye nokubhudezela. Ukwahlulwa kwegazi elibheqayo kumagunyathelo okhuseleko, ihard hats, kunye nezintandaziso kungenza ukuba kube nobonakaliso obugcwele obudlulisa phambi komgama, okuchaza ngokusondeleyo amandla okuhlukunyezwa.

Iinkorantsheli zokwakha kunye nezigudu ziqhubeka ngokufaka isikhomphezelo sezikhomphezelo izicelo kubantu abasebenza edlulweni ngezixhobo ezilayityholwa kunye neengxaki ezihlawulwayo. Ukubonakala okuphuculiweyo okunikezwe ngale mithwalo kuvumela abasebenzi bezixhobo ukwazi ukubala indawo yabantu ngendlela efanelekileyo, ukunciphisa into yokungahambelani. Iingxaki zokuphatha intonga zifuna impumelelo enkulu kwiindlela ezilungileyo zokubuyisela ubomi bempahla yezibheqayo zamanje.

Izigempa zokuphatha izimo ezihlangothi zisetyenzisa iintambo ezibhekeleyo njengeqobo leziko ngabasebenzi basekunene kwaye baphilisa abantu. Iinkcitho ezinokubonakala kakhulu zenza ukuba kube lula ukulawula phakathi kwemisebenzi yezimanga ezihlangothi kwaye zayikrelela ubomi babafileyi abasebenzayo emazulwini angcono okanye apho akukho mbono. Abafowethu, abalawuli bezifo, nabasebeleli belawulo baphiya kwiintambo ezibhekeleyo ukuze bazisebenzise ukubona ngelishwa xa basebenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo.

Ukulingana Ngeengxaki Neemeko

Iimeko zoluntu zokhuseleko eziphatha izisebenzo zocingo olubuka ngokuhle zazivezeka ukuze ziqondise amandla ahlukeneyo wocingo lwamanje ngelishwa zihlawule ubunzima obufanayo kumathuba aphezulu. Umnyango wamava waseMerika kunye neNtshisekelo yeNtando yaseLizwe zibekela iintshebele eziphethekayo ezahlola iinkcazo zocingo olubuka ngokum back, ubukhona, nokukhanya kwamacala wamacala esetyenziswa ekhuselekeni.

Ukuxhasana nokwazo lwe-ANSI/ISEA 107 kudinga ukuthi ibhodlela elibhekasayo libe ngamathreshitholi ezigcwele yekhofishini yembali yokubheka kabusha, ngelikususa iqondo ngezivivinyo zokuhl washwa nezimali. Izinqawulelo zeYurophu EN ISO 20471 zifaka izimfuno ezifanayo nangaphandle kokunye okuhlanganisa izinto ezibonakalayo kakhulu nezibhekayo kabusha. Lezi zinqawulelo zihlinza ukuthi izinhlayiya zebhodlela ebekezela zinikeze imiphakathi emihle yesiqaleko kuqobo oluningi lwemisebenzi nemikhono yezinsuku.

Iziphakamiso zokugcina ubumnandi kumabhenge abayenza ibhodlela ebhekasayo ziqukethe izinhukwini zokucheka izigaba zokucheka iqhaza lokuphatha, ukuqhakamisa kwezinkinga, nokuzinza kwesilinganiso ngasinye. Izingxenye ezingaphandle zeqiniso ziyahlola njalo ukuze kuhlinze ukuxhasana okuphulayo nokwazo olusekelwe, futhi kugcinwe ubumnandi bezinkokhelo ezivela kuzo izimo ezivumelekile zokusebenziswa kuzo izinto eziphathelene nesiqaleko.

Ukuvutha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthuka kophando

Ukuthunyelwa Kwemiphefumulo Ekhokhelene

Ukuthembana kwezibhamu zokubuyisa iziko ngamathulwa amanziwe angumqondo wokuguquguquka kwizivivinyo ngekuhlupheka nokuxhumana. Abasebenzi basebenzisa izibhamu ezibuyisayo ephakanyisiwe ngamanye amathambo aphambili nezinhlelo zokuxhumana zekhanda, ekwenzela ukulandela ngempela imithetho yesilingo nabasebenzi. Lezi zinhlelo ezihleli zihlanganisa izici ezibalweni zezibhamu zokubuyisa iziko nezindlela zokukusula nokuthumela iminikelo.

Kunezisebenzo ezintsha ezifakwa kuzo izibhamu ezibuyisayo ephakathi kazo i-LED arrays ezinikeza ubomi bokugcwalisa ngaphandle kokubuyisa iziko. Lezi zinhlelo ezihlanjwayo zinikeza ubonakaliso obuhle ngemiphumela engenamthevulo futhi zilindeleke isimo sezibhamu esijwayelekile. Ukunciphisa isimo sobomi be-bhatereji nokufaka kwezinhlelo yokucharya yekhanda kuyizinkinga ezibalulekile zokuthuthukisa lezi zibhamu ezihleli.

Amalgorithim wezixhobo zifundiso zihlanganiswa nezinhlelo zezindiza eziphakeme ukuze zenze amaphethelo ephephetho kanye nokwaziika okuzenzakalelayo kwezilungiselelo. Lezi zinhlelo zingasabela izimo zohlelo lwasekuhlaleni kanye ngezimo zomphakathi engazange ibe yinkinga ekhathaza ukwenza imiphumela, kuvulekile ukuthatha isinyathelo ngaphambi kokuba kube khona ingcinwa. Ukudibanisa ukubonakala okuphakeme kanye noklanywa kwesizukulwane kukutholakala kwebuyekezelo elisha lezinhlelo zephephetho yasebhakabhakeni.

Iindlela Zokusebenza Ezikhankanyiswanga

Ukuguquka kwegesi kusobala kuyayingqondo esibopheleyo ekuthutheleni kwamakhemikhali eziphakeme, abayikhi abaqhamuka izinhlelo zokwakha ezinemvelo kanye nezinhlelo zezimpahla ezingavusekelwa. Izici ze-adhesive evela emhlabeni zilungisa impact ethile kumvelo xa kuchithwa izimpahla eziphakeme kodwa zilondoloza izici ezidingekayo ekusebenzini kwezephephetho. Amasphere akhiwe kabusha angaphakathi kwegesi kanye nezinkcazo zezimpahla ezingcono zisungeze indlela yokuhlala ngokuphusa.

Izinhlelo zokubhoshwa ezisekelwe kuMoya zihlukanisile izinhlelo ezingavuthelwanga kakhulu ekwenzeni iindlela eziphambili, zibangelisa ngokukhulu ukuphathwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza kwezinhlelo zokugcina kanye nokuzinza kwezimali zokulungiswa kwabasebenzi. Lezi zinhlelo eziphathelene nendalo zibambelela ubunzima bokuxhala kanye nokulondoloza okudingekayo kumsebenzi wokulondoloza, ngelikahle kakhulu indawo yendalo.

Izigaba zokuphosela iziphakeme zezinto ezivalelweyo zizithola futhi ziziprocessa kabusha izinto ezinezimpendulo, kufana nezinkane zeglasini kanye nezihlalo. Lezi zigaba zilahlaza ukungenziwa kwezidlalo kanye nokuxhasana nokuziphatha ngendlela ethembekileyo kuyo yonke indlela yokhokhela izinto ezilondolozayo. Ababhili bavela izigaba zokubuyisela ezenzele ukusabela kanye nokuprocessa izigaba ezivalelweyo eziqukethe izinto eziphambili.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwemercantile Kuye Nokuthiwa

Ukudonsa Kuye Nokuhandisiwa

Umvaqo wokuthutha kuyisikhala esikhulu kakhulu sezigaba sokusebenzisa izinkathwini eziphendukayo, ngabe ezidinga zihlala kusuka kumakhasi okugcina kwasitalimi kuze kube ngokulungiselela kwezixhobo zokuphepha kwabasebenzi bezindiza. Umsebenzi wokugcina kwasitalimi wokuthutha komkhathi uphatha izigaba ephendukayo ezinamandla ehlenzelayo ukugcinwa kuzindlela zokubona phakade ngemiphiko yezilumi nezimo zomthwalo wosimilo lwamanzi nasekugcineni kwegijeni yethayithe.

Imisebenzi yokulungiselela nokudala kwezinhawu zibaleni kudinga izinkathwini eziphendukayo ephawula kakhulu kodwa ethembekile ekuvikeleni ubuchopho bokusebenza kwezinhawu nezixhobo ezibomvu. Izizathu ezihlukile zezimo zabaleni, kanye nemfanelo yezimali nezinyikima ezahluke, zidinga izinkathwini eziphendukayo ezihlanganisa izidingo eziningi zokuphepha kodwa zinikeza imfanelo ethembekile kusuku olude.

Imisebenzi yelogistiki namakhambi kancane kancane iqinisekisa izimo zomthwalo ophindezelayo abantu abasebenzayo ezigodini ezamandla apho ukuxhasana kwehlaya nokumelana kwenjini kunciphisa ziphumo zokuphepha. Ubukhazimbeleli obungenhanced bengcamango eziphindezelayo ebuhle kungenza kube lula ukuthi abantu basebenze ngokuhlanganisa neezinhlobo zezinhlobo zamandla nemikhumbi yokulawula ngokuzenzakalelayo, okuchazela amathuba ekuphepheni ngelishaa lefundo elisebenzayo.

Imisebenzi Yokuqhubeka Kwezimali Namuhla

Izigodi zemisebenzi yokuqhubeka kwebala likhona iqukethe izimo ezihle zomthwalo ophindezelayo njengamagunya akhethekileyo kwezigodi zokuphepha kwabantu. Abaphathi, abahlinzeki bezinja, nabantu abasebenza emisebenzini yokuphepha baphila kumzabalazo omuhle wokubuka okuphindezelayo ukuze bakhuthaze ubukhazimbeleli ngenkathi baphendula emisebenzini yokuphepha. Imithetho engcono ethintekayo yabantu abaphendula imisebenzi yokuqhubeka ibe yidinga umthwalo ophindezelayo owaziqa iphrofayili yobukhazimbeleli ngelishaa likhokheleka kusmoke, izinkcazo, nezinto ezivela kumzimba.

Imisebenzi yokudonsa nokuthola kuyisebenzisa izinhlelo zokubuyisela ubukhanya ezinzululwane eziphathelene nezimo eziphambili, kanye nokutholakala emlonyeni nokuphatha isiphetho esihlangothini. Lezi zinhlelo kudinga izimboni ezingcwele ukubuyisela ubukhansi futhi zilindele ukuthintwa ngentonga yamanzi amnyama, izinkimbinkimbi eziphezulu, nokugayayo kwesibindi. Iminikelo yokubona kahle kwizimboni ezintsha zokubuyisela ubukhanyo iyafaka kakhulu ekwenzekeni imisebenzi yokuthola kahle.

Imisebenzi yokulawula intonga nokhuseleko kwegodi ibenefiteka ngokusebenza kwezibonakude kwezimboni zokubuyisela ubukhanyo zamanje. Abasebenzi bokulawula intonga nababhalali bezinkinga zentonga kudinga izixhobo zokubona kahle ezinikeza indlela ephezulu yokubuyisela ubukhanyo phansi kohlaka lwesithuthi lapho kuyindlela ephathekayo ngemikhawulo engaphezu kwamazinyo alindile kanye ngezikhathi eziningi zokuxhasa.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yini eyakha izimboni zokubuyisela ubukhanyo zamanje zibe ngcono kunazo ezintandazelayo?

Ucloth oshukumisa kakhulu uyathuthukisa teknoloji ephambili yokushukumisa ngokubuyisela emva, eyisebenzisa i-glass microspheres ezihlelekile kanye ne-cube-corner reflectors ezingaba ngu-500 candelas per lux per square meter. Lokhu kuyisiphazamiso esikhulu kunazo zonke izinto ezandululweyo futhi kungenza kube kudingekile ukubona okude kakhulu kune-500 meters phakathi kwesibhamu sobuchwepheshe. Iziphawo ezinembileyo zokushukumisa, njengoko zihlanganiswe nezobulali kanye nokukhathazeleka kwegolide, zenza ukuthi izipholile zocloth zoshukumisa zibe nzima kakhulu ekusebenzeni kakhulu kuzindlela zokuphepha.

Icanda malini igcinwa yiziphawo zalo zokushukumisa phakathi kokuqashwa okuvamile?

Izinhobo zomthwalo ophathelene kakhulu zenzelwe ukulinda izikhathi ezingu-100 zokuhl washwa komphakathi futhi kuzenze kube nge-80% yezici zabo ekuqaleni. Ubunzima buhlinzekwa ngendlela yokwenza, ubunzima bezimithwalo, nokuthi kuyini indlela yokubamba okusetshenziswayo. Izimodi zezinhloso zihlala zisebenza kahle ngeminyaka engu-2-3 ekusebenziswa kakhulu uma kuzinzwa ngokufanele njengoba kuchazwe ngumkhiqizo.

Kukhona kanjani imitholampilo yesimo esihle ekusebenziseni umthwalo ophathelene emazingeni omphakathi?

Ukusebenzisa umthwalo ophathelene uyaphatha ngemitholampilo eyizwe lonke, ikhanda ANSI/ISEA 107 eNorth America ne-EN ISO 20471 eYurophu. Le mitholampilo ihlengeza izahluko ezithile zokubuyisela phambili, izidingo zokubulawa, nezinhlobo zokuphawula okumele kuziphathelene izinhloba ukuze kugcinwe isimo esihle. Ukuxhumana nalezi zimiso kusinika iqiniso lokuthi kusebenza kahle kanye nesimiso esihle ngaphezu kwemiphakathi yonke.

Kungabaqondene amaphepha akhanyayo nezobuchwepheshe zomlando wamaphepha?

Yebo, izobuchwepheshe ezintsha ziqhubeka ngokuba zibuye zibambisana phephandabeni elikhanyayo nempilo yezobuchwepheshe, kubandakanywe izixhobo zokulunga, i-LED arrays, nezibuko zezenzo ezingaphandle. Lezi ziphephetshana ezihleli zibandakanya izici ze-retroreflective zasekuqaleni nezobudlelane, ukubala ngexesha elilodwa, nokwenza ubomi bakhanya. Nakuba esebenziswa ke, le mphephetshana engqongqo yezinto ekhanyayo ibonisa usizo lwasimilo sesetyenziso sangcono sezigigaba ngaphezulu kokuphathwa kwinkazimulo.